Whirlpools
A whirlpool is a soaker tub fitted with piping, an electric pump and water jets. The pump circulates the water through the pipes using an underwater suction fitting and several water jets.
Water is drawn from the bath suction by a pump which circulates it around the bath to the jets. Each jet contains a venturi, a vented constriction near its opening that injects air into the water. In most cases, the ratio of air to water can be adjusted at a central control, at each jet or at both sites.
Whirlpools differ from spas, or hot tubs, in that they are filled and drained with each use. But like spas or hot tubs, the velocity of the water can be quite high, making it unsuitable for those suffering from certain medical conditions, and children. Air (bubble) massage tubs might be a better choice in these cases.
The first residential whirlpool tub was introduced by Jacuzzi in 1968. Today, most established plumbing fixture manufacturers offer whirlpools, including Kohler, Lasco Bathware, Acryline and Mansfield.
The choice of whirlpools continues to grow. Features abound. You will be faced with a wide range of sizes, styles, colors, and designs.
They are generally constructed of either fiberglass/acrylic, or cast iron (for a detailed comparison of materials see: Bathtub Materials). Their configuration of pumps and jets, as well as their re-circulation systems vary widely as well.
Pay close attention to their size, shape, and safety features, and the ease with which you can get in and get out. While some look great, you almost have to be an acrobat to climb into them.
Don't buy a whirlpool without getting into it and sitting down.
If this is impractical because the display model is filled with water, try out a comparable model. Don't be embarrassed. People do it all the time. Make sure it's the right size for you and offers the kinds of features you prefer.
A water well or cistern might not be able to service a whirlpool, and your current septic tank might not be able to handle the additional demands. Make sure to discuss this with your plumber before purchasing.
Also, make sure it will fit in your bathroom. If you're remodeling, it may not fit through your doorway. Be sure to measure the doorways of your house that it will have to pass through. If you're building a new house, make sure your architect provides adequate floor space. These units require a lot of room. They are also very heavy, so the floor framing must be designed to accommodate the weight.
Styles and Types
Whirlpool tubs are offered in two basic types: the typical a alcove (apron-style) and drop-in model
Alcove tubs look like ordinary 5-ft. or 6-ft. bathtubs, in that they fit in an alcove and have a rim-to-floor apron along the exposed side. Most of these have an access panel built into the apron to allow servicing of the motor.
These tubs are popular because they fit normal-size bathrooms, accept standard shower surrounds and make easy retrofits. With certain exceptions, they're less expensive than drop-in tubs.
Drop-in tubs are typically are built into an elevated deck, and placed against a bathroom wall, in a corner, recessed in the floor, or out in the open.
Drop-in models are often larger than apron-style tubs and they are available in a wide range of shapes including square, ovals, rectangles, diamonds, hearts, hour glass and kidney shape, to name a few.
Some are large enough to accommodate two or more people, which appeal to the young at heart. Some drop-in models allow flexibility in where to place the motor.
Today's whirlpools have gone far beyond their humble origins of hydro-massage therapy. High-end units now feature the most advanced design and technology available.
Jacuzzi's La Scala (shown at the left) showcases a 42-inch high-definition Plasma monitor as well as a surround sound system so powerful it can make even the most subtle nuances spring to life. A floating remote control features fingertip access to all of the innovative features.
Options to Consider
Whirlpools should normally be selected before construction begins because the deck must be framed in to hold your unit and it may have specific plumbing requirements that affect the rough-in.
The pump must be installed in a location that permits access for service.
These units with water and occupant can weigh in excess of 1500 lbs, far in excess of standard weight loads of residential flooring; so additional floor supports are necessary. Your water heater may also need to be oversized, particularly if you choose a larger unit.
Your choice of whirlpool and its placement may also affect the type of faucet you will use. You should consider installing a handheld sprayhead at the whirlpool as well - whether a deck-mount (shown at the left) or wall-mount (shown at the right).
This will not only make it easier to clean the whirlpool, but enable you to wash your hair or rinse off, without becoming a contortionist. This too will have to be decided before construction begins.
Bath oils and salts should never be used in a whirlpool. Infections and illnesses of various types have been linked, in recent years, to the use of improperly cleaned hot tubs and whirlpool bathtubs. The danger is real, prevention is easy. See:
Proper Cleaning of Whirlpool, Hot Tub Systems
Whirlpools, Hot Tubs & Bacterial Infections